Which of the following is included in cross-connection controls?

In the context of cross-connection controls, indirect waste piping plays a crucial role. Indirect waste piping is designed to safely drain wastewater without allowing contaminants to flow back into the potable water supply. This piping typically directs waste to a drain, ensuring that there is no direct connection between waste lines and the water supply, which is essential for maintaining water safety and quality.

Cross-connections can create pathways for pollutants to enter clean water systems, so controls are necessary to prevent this risk. By using indirect waste piping, potential backflow or cross-connection situations are effectively mitigated, ensuring that hazardous substances do not contaminate drinking water.

Gate valves, air vents, and water meters serve different functions within plumbing systems. While they are important components of water distribution and waste management systems, they do not specifically address the prevention of cross-connections in the same way that indirect waste piping does.