In the APHA method of measuring housing quality, which of the following is categorized as a minor deficiency if deemed inadequate?

In the APHA method of measuring housing quality, central heating is considered a minor deficiency when deemed inadequate because it is not as critical to the safety and health of the occupants compared to other factors. While adequate heating is important for comfort and can prevent health issues related to cold temperatures, it does not pose an immediate risk to safety or structural integrity.

In contrast, the other options represent conditions that significantly impact the safety and well-being of residents. For instance, having a water supply located outside of the living unit can lead to sanitation issues and hinder access to clean water, which is essential for daily living. The lack of windows to the outside can seriously affect ventilation and exacerbate indoor air quality problems, contributing to health risks. Lastly, having a minimum of two exits in case of fire is critical for emergency safety; insufficient exits can lead to catastrophic consequences in the event of a fire.

Thus, central heating, while important, is classified as a minor deficiency compared to the more serious implications of inadequate water supply, ventilation, and escape routes in a housing unit.